API 676 Requirements for Screw Pumps - Standard Compliance Guide

Complete guide to API 676 requirements for rotary positive displacement pumps including design, materials, testing, and documentation requirements for Equipment Engineers.

API 676API 682

API 676 Scope and Coverage

Standard Overview

API Standard 676 - Positive Displacement Pumps—Rotary

AspectDetails
ScopeRotary positive displacement pumps
IndustriesPetroleum, petrochemical, natural gas
Current Edition3rd Edition (check for latest)
Companion StandardsAPI 682 (seals), API 677 (gears)

Pump Types Covered

IncludedExcluded
✅ Screw pumps (single, twin, triple)❌ Reciprocating pumps
✅ Gear pumps (internal, external)❌ Hydraulic pumps
✅ Vane pumps❌ Controlled-volume (metering)
✅ Lobe pumps❌ Centrifugal pumps

Design Requirements

General Design Principles

RequirementSpecification
Flow uniformityConstant, predictable flow without sudden fluctuations
Internal leakageMinimized through tight clearances and wear-resistant materials
Service lifeDesigned for minimum 20 years continuous operation
MaintainabilityEasy access for seal and bearing replacement

Pressure Containment

ComponentRequirement
Casing designASME Section VIII or applicable pressure vessel code
Design pressure≥ MAWP at design temperature
Hydrostatic test1.5× MAWP minimum
Burst marginAdequate safety factor per design code

Corrosion Allowance

Standard Requirement: 3 mm (0.12") minimum on all pressure-containing parts

Exceptions:
- Superior corrosion-resistant materials may use less
- Must be documented with material data
- Process engineer approval required

Nozzle Requirements

ParameterRequirement
Flange ratingPer ASME B16.5 or B16.47
Flange facingRaised face standard, RTJ if specified
OrientationTop suction/discharge preferred
AuxiliaryDrain, vent, gauge connections

Pressure Protection

Mandatory Relief Valve

API 676 Requirement: Every positive displacement pump MUST have pressure-limiting protection.

ParameterSpecification
Set pressure≤ 110% of normal operating pressure
AccumulationMust not exceed pump MAWP
TypeInternal or external relief valve
SizingFull pump capacity at set pressure

Relief Valve Location Options

LocationAdvantagesDisadvantages
Integral (pump-mounted)Compact, included in supplyLimited adjustability
External (piping)Adjustable, replaceableAdditional cost, piping
Recirculation to tankProtects downstreamEnergy waste

Pressure Protection Verification

Checklist:
□ Relief valve included in scope
□ Set pressure documented (≤ 110% Poperating)
□ Capacity verified (full pump flow)
□ Materials compatible with fluid
□ Discharge piped safely

Material Requirements

Standard Materials

ComponentStandard MaterialUpgrade Options
CasingDuctile iron ASTM A536316 SS, Duplex SS
Rotors/ScrewsSteel with chrome platingHardened steel, Ni-alloys
BearingsBronze, carbonPEEK, ceramic
ShaftsCarbon steel17-4PH SS, Monel

Material Certification

DocumentRequirement
Mill Test Reports (MTR)Required for pressure-containing parts
Chemical analysisPer applicable ASTM/ASME
Mechanical propertiesTensile, yield, elongation
Heat treatmentIf applicable

Corrosive/Special Service

ServiceAdditional Requirements
Sour (H₂S)NACE MR0175 compliance, HRC ≤ 22
ChlorideDuplex or super duplex SS
CryogenicImpact testing, MDMT verification
High temperatureCreep-rupture data

Mechanical Seal Requirements

API 682 Reference

API 676 references API 682 for shaft sealing systems:

CategoryDescription
Category 1Light hydrocarbons, standard duty
Category 2General refinery service
Category 3High-temperature, critical service

Seal Arrangement Options

ArrangementApplicationAPI 682 Plans
Single sealNon-hazardous servicePlan 11, 12, 13
Tandem sealHazardous, backup requiredPlan 52, 53A/B/C
Double sealZero emission requiredPlan 53A/B/C, 54

Seal Flush Plans for Screw Pumps

PlanDescriptionBest For
Plan 11Discharge recirculation through orificeStandard service
Plan 12Plan 11 + Y-strainerHigh viscosity, particles
Plan 13Discharge through seal, return to suctionHigh-temp service
Plan 21External source, cooledHot fluid service

Bearing Requirements

Design Life

ParameterRequirement
L10 bearing lifeMinimum 25,000 hours (API 676)
L10 basisAt rated conditions
Calculation methodPer ISO 281 or AFBMA

Bearing Types

TypeApplicationNotes
Antifriction (rolling)External bearingsStandard selection
Sleeve (plain)Product-lubricatedFor certain screw designs
HybridCombinationHigh-performance

Lubrication

SystemRequirement
Oil lubricatedSeparate oil system or splash
Grease lubricatedRe-greasing capability required
Product lubricatedVerify compatibility

Testing Requirements

Factory Tests

TestRequirementAcceptance
Hydrostatic1.5× MAWP, 30 min holdNo leakage, no distortion
PerformanceAt rated conditionsWithin tolerances
Mechanical run4-hour minimumNo abnormal conditions
NPSH (if specified)Per contractMeets NPSHr

Performance Tolerances

ParameterTolerance
Capacity (flow)+5% / -0% of rated
Total head+5% / -0% at rated flow
PowerMaximum +5% of rated
EfficiencyMinimum -5% of rated

Witness Points

Hold PointNotification
Material inspectionPrior to machining
Hydrostatic test48 hours notice
Performance test48 hours notice
Final inspectionPrior to shipment

Documentation Requirements

With Quotation

DocumentRequired
Completed datasheet
Performance curves
General arrangement drawing
Sectional drawing
Deviation list
Reference list

With Shipment

DocumentContents
Certified datasheetAs-built parameters
Performance test reportTest data, curves
Material certificatesMTRs for wetted parts
Installation manualAlignment, startup
Operation manualOperating procedures
Maintenance manualPM schedule, procedures
Spare parts listRecommended spares
As-built drawingsFinal GA, sectional

Data Retention

Document TypeRetention Period
Design calculationsLife of equipment
Material certificatesLife of equipment
Test reportsLife of equipment
Quality recordsMinimum 10 years

Quality Assurance

Inspection and Test Plan (ITP)

PhaseActivities
Pre-fabricationMaterial review, procedure approval
FabricationDimensional, welding inspection
AssemblyClearance checks, alignment
TestingHydrostatic, performance, run test
FinalDocumentation review, packing

Quality System Requirements

StandardRequirement
ISO 9001Quality management system
API Q1Petroleum industry specific
WeldingPer ASME Section IX
NDEPer applicable codes

Nameplate Requirements

Required Information

NAMEPLATE DATA:
- Manufacturer name
- Model/Type
- Serial number
- Rated capacity (flow)
- Rated pressure (differential)
- Rated speed
- Maximum allowable working pressure
- Design temperature
- Year of manufacture

API 676 Compliance Checklist

=== API 676 COMPLIANCE VERIFICATION ===

Design:
□ Pressure containment per ASME
□ Corrosion allowance ≥ 3 mm (or justified)
□ Nozzles per ASME B16.5
□ Drain and vent provided

Pressure Protection:
□ Relief valve included
□ Set pressure ≤ 110% operating
□ Capacity = full pump flow
□ Discharge safely piped

Materials:
□ Material specifications listed
□ MTRs required for pressure parts
□ NACE compliance (if H₂S service)

Sealing:
□ API 682 seal arrangement specified
□ Flush plan selected
□ Seal materials compatible

Bearings:
□ L10 life ≥ 25,000 hours
□ Lubrication system adequate

Testing:
□ Hydrostatic test 1.5× MAWP
□ Performance test at rated
□ Mechanical run test 4 hours

Documentation:
□ Certified datasheet
□ Performance curves
□ Material certificates
□ Manuals (IOM)
□ Spare parts list

Frequently Asked Questions

What pumps does API 676 cover?
API 676 covers rotary positive displacement pumps including screw (single, twin, triple), gear, vane, and lobe pumps used in petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. It excludes reciprocating pumps and hydraulic pumps.
What is the minimum corrosion allowance per API 676?
API 676 requires minimum 3 mm (0.12 inch) corrosion allowance on all pressure-containing parts unless superior corrosion-resistant materials are used with documented justification.
Does API 676 require relief valves?
Yes, API 676 mandates that every positive displacement pump must have pressure protection (relief valve) to prevent exceeding the pump's maximum allowable working pressure. The relief valve setting should not exceed 110% of normal operating pressure.

📚References & Sources

  • 1. API 676 - Positive Displacement Pumps—Rotary standard
  • 2. API 682 - Pumps—Shaft Sealing Systems standard

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